Adaptive Technologies for Computers that Improve Accessibility




Introduction

Adaptive technologies are special tools that provide enhancements or different ways to improve technology experience. These technologies helps individuals with
disabilities or impairments to complete certain tasks on their computers easier. (1) Whether it's for typing, reading, or to just click something on the screen, there is an
adaptive technology made for that specific need.




Types of Adaptive Technologies



Text-to-Speech

Speech-to-Text

Text-to-speech is one of the most used forms of adaptive technology. Also known as "read aloud technology", text-to-speech is when the text on the screen is read aloud to the user. People who are blind or visually impaired often use this, making it easier when reading off of their computer. Examples of softwares to use are JAWS for Windows, NVDA, or Mac. (2)
Speech-to-text is very commonly used for not only disabilities, but to make typing quicker. Speech-to-text effectively takes audio (the user's voice), and transcribes it into written text. This is a valuable tool for people who need to write a lot of content, or people with disabilities and cannot type.(3) Examples of softwares to use are Google Docs voice typing, Speechnotes, and e-Speaking. (4)









Font Control

Font control is composite control that allows the user to have and change specific font properties or formatting options.(5) It consists of buttons, toggle buttons, drop-down list boxes and combo boxes to create more accessibility. This control was created to make it easier to change the font size, style, and to add certain features like bold and italic into one area. This also eliminates the hassle of finding all these features, making it more organized. (5)








Ergonomic/Virtual Keyboard

Regular keyboards can put stress on your fingers, wrists, and hands. This can lead to carpal tunnel syndrome, which can affect the nerves in your wrists. Using an ergonomic keyboard helps alleviate stress on your wrists and hands making it more comfortable, efficient, and less likely to result in carpal tunnel syndrome. (6)There general design is shown in the picture below to the left; the middle of the keyboard is lifted up, and split into a triangle shape, with the space bar split into two buttons. There are also ones that can be moved around to fit the user's typing style for absolute comfort.(6) Virtual keyboards are used to type on the computer screen by mouse or touchscreen, rather than using physical keys. There is also the option of purchasing a wireless virtual laser keyboard, which projects the keys on the table, but does not help with hand positioning.






Sticky Keys

The main purpose of this function is to make it easier to type certain keys with CTRL,ALT, and SHIFT.(7) For example, if the user wants to put "&" on their screen, they have to hold SHIFT then press 7. But having the sticky keys function on, the user doesn't have to hold down the SHIFT key, they just press it. This function only works on Windows computers; to activate sticky keys, you press SHIFT five times.(7)People may also use this function for sound. When pressing any of the modifiers, an activate beep was sent through the system speaker. Pressing the same key again would deactivate and give a slightly different beep.(7)Sticky keys helps users with physical disabilities reduce the sort of movement associated with repetitive strain injury so they don't have to press multiple keys at once. (8)








Image Magnifier

The image magnifier function can be used to magnify different parts on the screen.(9) This function is intended for visually impaired people, so using this function makes it easier to see what's on the screen. There are three options to use this function;
Full Screen: This allows the entire screen to get magnified, and moving the mouse goes to where the user's wants to see the screen.
Lens: The lens option acts as a magnifying glass, only enlarging the screen in a box around the mouse. The user can change the size of the magnifying glass(shown in picture to the right).
Docked: This last option is similar to the Full Screen, put the part the user wants to magnify is at the top of the screen.
To use image magnifier on Windows, press the windows key then the "+" key. (9)











Questions

  1. What are two reasons why people use adaptive technology on their computer?
  2. Which softwares are made to use speech-to-text?
  3. What are the three functions to use sticky keys? Give a small description of each.

Answers



Bibliography

  1. "What Is Adaptive Technology?" What Is Adaptive Technology? // ACT Center, actcenter.missouri.edu/about-the-act-center/what-is-adaptive-technology/.
  2. "Types of Assistive Technology." Types of Assistive Technology | Web Access, webaccess.berkeley.edu/resources/assistive-technology.
  3. "What Is Speech-to-Text Software? - Definition from Techopedia." www.techopedia.com/definition/23767/speech-to-text-software.
  4. Chi, Clifford. "8 Voice-to-Text Software That'll Help You Work Faster." HubSpot Blog, blog.hubspot.com/marketing/voice-to-text.
  5. Karl-Bridge-Microsoft. "Font Control - Win32 Apps." Win32 Apps | Microsoft Docs, docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/windowsribbon/windowsribbon-controls-fontcontrol.
  6. "What Is an Ergonomic Keyboard." Lenovo UK, www.lenovo.com/gb/en/faqs/pc-life-faqs/best-ergonomic-keyboard/.
  7. "Sticky Keys and How It's Used." Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 17 Dec. 2019, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sticky_keys.
  8. "Sticky Keys." Appligent, appligent.com/keyboard-accessibility-mouse-alternatives/sticky-keys/.
  9. "Image Magnifier.", support.microsoft.com/en-ca/help/11542/windows-use-magnifier-to-make-things-easier-to-see.